Logistics 101
EORI — What It Is and How to Get One
An EORI number (Economic Operators Registration and Identification) is a unique ID used by HMRC and UK Border Force to identify importers and exporters. It's mandatory for all businesses and individuals that move goods internationally, including imports or exports between the UK and the EU.
Quick Summary
- Required for all UK imports and exports (including temporary movements)
- Issued free by HMRC in 2-5 working days
- Format: GB123456789000
- Without it, goods cannot clear customs and may be held or returned
Why You Need an EORI Number
Without an EORI number, customs systems cannot process your shipment. That means:
- Your goods may be delayed or held at the border
- You could face storage or clearance charges
- Carriers may refuse collection or delivery
Having a valid EORI number ensures HMRC can link your business to its customs records and prevents costly delays.
How to Apply for a UK EORI Number
You can apply directly on the official GOV.UK website:
Apply if you're VAT-registered
https://www.gov.uk/eori
Apply if you're not VAT-registered
https://www.tax.service.gov.uk/shortforms/form/EORINonVATExport
Before you apply, check you have:
- A Government Gateway account
- Correct business details (name, address, VAT number)
- Proof that you import or export goods internationally
Applications are usually approved within 2-5 working days, and confirmation is sent by email.
Tip: Keep a copy of your EORI handy for all customs declarations, shipping labels, and commercial invoices.
How to Apply for a UK EORI (Step by Step)
- Go to GOV.UK EORI application
- Sign in with your Government Gateway account
- Enter your business details (VAT number if applicable)
- Confirm international trade activity
- Submit and receive your EORI by email within a few days
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Frequently Asked Questions
about EORI number
An EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification) number is a unique code issued by HMRC to track businesses that import or export goods. It is used on all UK customs documents.
Every business trading goods internationally must have an EORI. Without one, shipments cannot clear customs and may be refused by carriers.
Apply via GOV.UK for VAT-registered companies or here if not VAT-registered. You'll need business details and a Government Gateway account.
No, customs cannot process declarations without it. Goods may be held or returned to the sender.
No. A GB EORI covers Great Britain, an XI EORI covers Northern Ireland, and an EU EORI is issued by an EU member state.
It appears on HMRC letters and import/export forms. UK numbers start with GB (for example, GB123456789000).
Typically 2-5 working days, sometimes longer in peak periods.
No, but you must update HMRC if your details change.
Yes — one number covers both.
Customs declarations may be rejected until corrected, causing delays and fees.
Notify HMRC of any name, address or VAT status change to keep records accurate.
Yes. Private importers or online sellers can apply to avoid border issues.
GB + 12-digit VAT number + three digits (for example, GB123456789000).
Only if you trade through Northern Ireland. A GB EORI alone covers Great Britain.